Pieter Neeffs I (also Neefs; c. 1578 – after 1656) was a Flemish Baroque painter who specialized in architectural interiors of churches.[1] Active in Antwerp, he was influenced by the works of Hendrik van Steenwijk I and Hendrik van Steenwijk II.[2] His own contribution to the genre was nocturnal church interior lit by two light sources.[3] His sons Ludovicus and Pieter Neeffs II painted similar works, and attributions of their individual hands can be difficult.[4]